\renewcommand*{\bibfont}{\normalfont\normalsize\singlespacing\raggedright}

\setlength\bibhang{1cm} 

\DeclareLabeldate{% 
  \field{date} 
  \field{year} 
  \field{eventdate} 
  \field{origdate} 
  \literal{nodate} 
}

\renewcommand*{\finentrypunct}{} 

\renewcommand*{\newunitpunct}{\addcomma\space} 
\DeclareDelimFormat[bib,biblist]{nametitledelim}{\addcolon\space} 
\DeclareDelimFormat{titleyeardelim}{\newunitpunct} 
\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamefamily}{\mkbibemph} 
\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamegiven}{\mkbibemph} 
\renewcommand*{\mkbibnamesuffix}{\mkbibemph} 
\renewcommand*{\mkbibnameprefix}{\mkbibemph} 
\DeclareDelimAlias{finalnamedelim}{multinamedelim} 

\DeclareNameFormat{family-given:init}{% 
  \usebibmacro{name:family-given} 
    {\namepartfamily} 
    {\namepartgiveni} 
    {\namepartprefix} 
    {\namepartsuffix}% 
  \usebibmacro{name:andothers}} 

\DeclareNameAlias{default}{family-given} 
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{default} 
\DeclareNameAlias{labelname}{family-given:init} 

\DeclareFieldFormat{editortype}{\mkbibparens{#1}} 
\DeclareDelimFormat{editortypedelim}{\addspace} 
\DeclareFieldFormat{translatortype}{\mkbibparens{#1}} 
\DeclareDelimFormat{translatortypedelim}{\addspace} 
\DeclareDelimFormat[bib,biblist]{innametitledelim}{\addcomma\space} 

\DeclareFieldFormat*{citetitle}{#1} 
\DeclareFieldFormat*{title}{#1} 
\DeclareFieldFormat*{booktitle}{#1} 
\DeclareFieldFormat*{journaltitle}{#1} 

\newbibmacro*{organization+location}[1]{% 
  \printlist{location}% 
  \setunit*{\locdatedelim}% 
  \printlist{organization}% 
  \newunit} 


\usepackage{xpatch} 
\xpatchbibdriver{online} 
  {\usebibmacro{organization+location+date}} 
  {\usebibmacro{organization+location}} 
  {}{} 

\DeclareFieldFormat[online]{date}{\mkbibparens{#1}} 

\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{<\url{#1}>}% oder {$\langle$\url{#1}$\rangle$} oder \textlangle/\textrangle 
\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\mkbibbrackets{\bibstring{urlseen}\addcolon\space#1}} 
\renewbibmacro*{url+urldate}{% 
  \usebibmacro{url}% 
  \ifentrytype{online} 
    {\setunit{\addspace}% 
     \usebibmacro{date}} 
    {}% 
  \iffieldundef{urlyear} 
    {} 
    {\setunit*{\addspace}% 
     \usebibmacro{urldate}}} 

\renewbibmacro*{date+extradate}{% 
  \printtext[parens]{% 
    \printfield{usera}% 
    \setunit{\printdelim{titleyeardelim}}% 
    \printlabeldateextra}} 
	
\renewbibmacro*{date}{% 
  \usebibmacro{bbx:ifmergeddate} 
    {} 
    {\iffieldundef{year} 
       {\printtext[date]{\bibstring{nodate}}} 
       {\printdate}}} 

\DefineBibliographyStrings{german}{ 
  nodate    = {{}o.\adddot \addabbrvspace J\adddot}, 
  andothers = {et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}, 
  urlseen   = {Zugriff}, 
} 

\DeclareSourcemap{ 
  \maps[datatype=bibtex]{ 
    \map{ 
      \pernottype{set} 
      \step[notfield=translator, final] 
      \step[notfield=editor, final] 
      \step[fieldset=author, fieldvalue={\string{o.\noexpand\,V\noexpand\adddot\string}}, final] 
      \step[fieldset=sortname, fieldvalue={zzzzzzzzz}] 
    } 
    \map{ 
      \pernottype{online} 
      \step[fieldset=location, fieldvalue={o\noexpand\adddot \addabbrvspace O\noexpand\adddot}] 
    } 
  } 
} 

\renewbibmacro*{cite}{% 
  \iffieldundef{shorthand} 
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}} 
       {\usebibmacro{cite:label}% 
        \setunit{\printdelim{nonametitledelim}}} 
       {\printnames{labelname}% 
        \setunit{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}}% 
     \printfield{usera}% 
     \setunit{\printdelim{titleyeardelim}}% 
     \usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}} 
    {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}} 

\renewbibmacro*{postnote}{% 
  \setunit{\postnotedelim}% 
  \iffieldundef{postnote} 
    {\printtext{o. S\adddot}} 
    {\printfield{postnote}}}
    
\defbibfilter{articleonline}{% 
  type=article or type=online 
} 	

%\newcommand{\directAutocite}[3][]{\enquote{#3}\autocite[#1]{#2}}%Command für direkte Zitate
\newcommand{\direkt}[3][]{\enquote{#3}\autocite[#1]{#2}}%Command für direkte Zitate
\newcommand{\indirekt}[2][]{\autocite[Vgl.][#1]{#2}}%Command für indirekte Zitate